Magstripes come in two main varieties: high-coercivity (Hi-Co) at 4000
Oe and low-coercivity (LoCo) at 300 Oe but it is not infrequent to have
intermediate values at 2750 Oe. High-coercivity magstripes are harder to
erase, and therefore are appropriate for cards that are frequently used
or that need to have a long life. Low-coercivity magstripes require a
lower amount of magnetic energy to record, and hence the card writers
are much cheaper than machines which are capable of recording high-coercivity
magstripes. A card reader can read either type of magstripe, and a high-coercivity
card writer may write both high and low-coercivity cards (most have two
settings, but writing a LoCo card in HiCo may sometimes work), while a
low-coercivity card writer may write only low-coercivity cards.
In practical terms, usually low coercivity magnetic stripes are a light
brown color, and high coercivity stripes are nearly black; exceptions
include a proprietary silver-colored formulation on transparent American
Express cards. High coercivity stripes are resistant to damage from most
magnets likely to be owned by consumers. Low coercivity stripes are
easily damaged by even a brief contact with a magnetic purse strap or
fastener. Because of this, virtually all bank cards today are encoded on
high coercivity stripes despite a slightly higher per-unit cost.
Magnetic stripe cards are used in very high volumes in the mass transit
sector, replacing paper based tickets with either a directly applied
magnetic slurry or hot foil stripe. Slurry applied stripes are generally
less expensive to produce and are less resilient but are suitable for
cards meant to be disposed after a few uses.
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